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What is a Motion Reference Unit (MRU)?
A motion Reference Unit (MRU) is a device that measures motion in all six degrees of freedom (DoF): roll, pitch, yaw & surge, sway and heave. The six DoF positions, velocities and accelerations are measured by the MRU using high-end gyroscopes and accelerometers (and sometimes magnetometers) and processed by advanced sensor fusion algorithms.
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
Gyrocompass
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What is the purpose of the MRU in classed vessels?
The MRU (Motion Reference Unit) monitors vessel motions to evaluate risks related to sloshing and structural fatigue in cargo containment systems. It supports a condition-based inspection regime under DNV’s Alternative Survey Programme (ASP).
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
Inclinometer
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Understanding the Differences Between IMU, Inclinometer, Roll & Pitch sensor, VRU, AHRS, MRU, Gyrocompass, GNSS/INS
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
Attitude and Heading Reference System (AHRS)
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)
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A VRU is an advanced device that measures the attitude (roll and pitch) of an object using high-end accelerometers and gyroscopes, combined with advanced sensor fusion algorithms. VRUs provide very accurate roll and pitch measurements, even in dynamic environments.
In applications requiring real-time, high-accuracy roll and pitch data the VRU's precise Roll and Pitch data allows control systems to react effectively. For example, motion compensation of GNSS antenna for dynamic positioning (DP-systems), stabilizing fins on vessels or advanced Instrument compensation - Used in monitoring and control systems where only roll and pitch data is needed.
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
Roll & Pitch Sensor
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When navigating the complexities of motion sensing and navigation systems, it is essential to understand the distinctions between devices and systems like Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inclinometers, Roll & Pitch sensors, Vertical Reference Units (VRU), Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), Motion Reference Units (MRUs), Gyrocompasses, and GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation Systems (GNSS/INS). Each serves specific purposes and offers different levels of functionality, accuracy, and application scope.
GNSS-Aided Inertial Navigation System (GNSS/INS)
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Yes, Norwegian Subsea Motion Reference Units (MRUs) are highly suitable for applications involving wave analysis. Our sensors provide precise measurements of motion in 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DoF), encompassing Roll, Pitch, Yaw, Surge, Sway, and crucially for wave analysis, Heave.
The high-accuracy Heave (vertical motion) data generated by our MRUs is fundamental for determining key wave characteristics such as wave height and period. Norwegian Subsea MRUs deliver a reliable Heave accuracy of 5.0 cm or 5.0%, enabling detailed analysis of sea states.
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Improving the accuracy of subsea sensors fundamentally relies on selecting a high-performance unit designed specifically for the demanding underwater environment. At Norwegian Subsea, we achieve superior accuracy through a combination of state-of-the-art MEMS sensor technology, advanced sensor fusion algorithms, and robust hardware engineering, validated in real sea conditions.
Our algorithms are crucial for filtering noise and accurately calculating motion parameters like Roll, Pitch, Heave, Surge, Sway, and Yaw (6DoF), even under complex, irregular motion patterns typical of subsea operations. Furthermore, our sensors undergo rigorous testing and validation in real sea conditions, ensuring their performance specifications are met in the environments where they will be deployed.
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Selecting the appropriate motion sensor for a subsea Remotely Operated Vehicle (ROV) is critical for precise navigation, positioning, and tool manipulation. Key comparison factors include accuracy (Roll, Pitch, Heave, Yaw), depth rating, physical size and weight, robustness, ease of integration with ROV control systems, reliability in harsh environments, and overall cost-effectiveness.
Norwegian Subsea offers the MRU Subsea, specifically engineered for demanding underwater applications like ROV operations. This unit features a robust, compact titanium housing depth-rated to 6000 meters, making it ideal for deep-water tasks. We provide different accuracy levels to meet specific operational needs, with Roll and Pitch accuracy options of ±0.05° (Series 3000), ±0.02° (Series 6000), or ±0.01° (Series 9000), and a standard Heave accuracy of 5.0 cm or 5.0%. Our sensors utilize advanced MEMS technology and sensor fusion algorithms, validated in real sea conditions.
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A motion sensor, like the Motion Reference Units (MRUs) developed by Norwegian Subsea, functions by detecting and measuring movement. At their core, these sensors utilize state-of-the-art Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. MEMS accelerometers measure linear acceleration (changes in velocity along the Surge, Sway, and Heave axes), while MEMS gyroscopes measure angular velocity (rate of rotation around the Roll, Pitch, and Yaw axes).
To provide a comprehensive and accurate measurement of motion in all six degrees of freedom (6DoF) – Roll, Pitch, Yaw, Heave, Surge, and Sway – data from multiple MEMS sensors is intelligently combined. Norwegian Subsea employs advanced sensor fusion algorithms that process these raw sensor inputs, filtering out noise and compensating for external forces like gravity, to calculate precise orientation and movement data in real-time.
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An IMU is an electronic device that measures and reports an object's linear acceleration and angular velocity using a combination of accelerometers and gyroscopes along three orthogonal axes (X, Y, and Z). It achieves this by utilizing a combination of sensors—primarily accelerometers and gyroscopes, and occasionally magnetometers. IMUs only provide raw data from their sensors and do not include "smart" features such as processing (e.g., Kalman Filter). The IMU cannot provide attitude (roll and pitch), velocity, or position without external processing.
This is very different from a Motion Reference Unit (MRU) which is a specialized device and self-contained sensor that measures motion in all six degrees of freedom (DoF): Roll, Pitch, Yaw, Surge, Sway and Heave. The six DoF positions, velocities and accelerations are measured by the MRU using high-end gyroscopes and accelerometers (and sometimes magnetometers) together with advanced fusion algorithms.
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A Motion Reference Unit (MRU) is essential for safe and efficient offshore crane operations. Mounted on the vessel or platform, the MRU precisely measures the 6 Degrees of Freedom (6DoF) motion: Roll, Pitch, Yaw, Heave, Surge, and Sway.
The primary application in crane operations is Active Heave Compensation (AHC). The MRU provides high-accuracy, real-time heave (vertical motion) data to the crane's control system. This allows the winch system to actively compensate for the vessel's vertical movement caused by waves, keeping the crane hook and load stable relative to the seabed or a fixed structure.